SIDS Awareness: Key Risk Factors and Prevention Strategies for Parents

SIDS is a concern that crosses the minds of almost all new parents and understandably so. Thankfully, ongoing research has helped identify key risk factors and practical ways to reduce the likelihood of SIDS, many of which are within our control. By learning about these risks and following simple safe sleep guidelines parents can take clear, reassuring steps to help protect their baby and feel more confident at bedtime..

What is SIDS?

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) is defined as the unexpected and unexplained death of a healthy baby during sleep. Most cases of SIDS occur in infants under 12 months of age, with the highest risk being between ages 1 and 4 months.*

Despite decades of research, there’s still no single known cause, but patterns and risk factors have been identified.

Known Risk Factors: The Triple Risk Model for SIDS (Red Nose Australia)

The Triple Risk Model, which is promoted by Red Nose Australia helps in understanding why SIDS may occur for some infants. This model also highlights why it is important to follow the Red Nose safe sleep guidelines.

This Triple Risk Model suggest that there are three critical and interacting factors and when all three are present, SIDS is more likely to occur. *

These three factors are; A Vulnerable Infant, A Critical Development Period & Exogenous (External) Stress.*

1. A Vulnerable Infant

   This refers to an infant who has an underlying susceptibility or abnormality that may not be evident until the child faces a stress.

2. A Critical Development Period

   This relates to a specific and vulnerable developmental period; the first 6 months of life.

   Research has identified the first year of life, especially the first six months, with a peak risk between 2 and 4 months as a critical window.

   Data shows that approximately 90% of SIDS cases happen within the first six months, peaking between 2 and 4 months.

   
   

3. Exogenous Stress (External Stressors & Environmental Challenges)

   This involves the infant encountering external or environmental challenges that can increase risk. These include known factors such as exposure to tobacco smoke, sleeping on the stomach or side, overheating, having the head covered, or suffering from respiratory infections.

   
   

Why This Model Matters

The Triple Risk Model shows us that even if a baby appears healthy, they might still be vulnerable and in their Critical Development Period but external risk factors are something that we can control. Safe Sleep Practices removes as many external risk factors as possible, reducing the risk of SIDS.

How to Reduce the Risk of SIDS?

Red Nose Australia recommends that for all babies aged 0-12 months these six key steps are taken to reduce the risk of SIDS.

• Always Place Baby on Their Back to Sleep

• Keep Baby's Face and Head Uncovered

• Keep Baby Smoke Free, Before and After Birth

• Safe Sleeping Environment, Night and Day (safe cot, mattress, bedding and sleep bag)

• Sleep Baby in Their Own Safe Sleep Space in the Same Room as Their Parent/Caregiver for At Least their First 6 Months.

• Breastfeed Baby

For more details on the above, statistics or further information visit: https://rednose.org.au/article/red-nose-six-safe-sleep-recommendations

Final Thoughts

While SIDS is understandably a source of anxiety for many new parents, knowledge is one of the most powerful tools we have. By understanding the risk factors and following evidence based safe sleep practices, you can take meaningful steps to help protect your little one. The Triple Risk Model reminds us that even healthy babies can be vulnerable, but safe sleep isn't about fear, it's about empowerment. With awareness and action, you’re helping create the safest possible environment for your little one to grow, rest, and thrive.

*Red Nose Australia: https://rednose.org.au/